The Continuing Challenge of Cognitive Decline: An Individual Process of Aging?

During the modern gerontology the cognitive decline were generally considered as an inevitable and natural accompaniment of aging. Over the past decade, the distinction between normative from non-normative changes remains difficult. The purpose of this review is to present a synthesis and integration of the current knowledge of cognitive decline by interdisciplinary perspectives. The theories of cognitive decline based on neuroplasticity and the predictors of cognitive decline are also discussed. In addition, highlights current strengths and limitations of the cognitive decline studies are critically analyzed. Current researches are contesting the discouraging perspective that assumes that the cognitive decline is related to normal process of aging across the life span. The view that aging is a synonym of cognitive decline is being replaced by the recognition that it is a multidimensional and multidirectional process. However, cognitive decline is still not well understood. Presently, firm conclusions about if the cognitive decline is a part of the normal process of aging or just an individual process do not exist, there are only speculations. The empirical findings are heterogeneous and the resolution may reside on interdisciplinary robust research.